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Principle of Mendelian randomization as applied to hyperhomocysteinemia. This is the ideal model of Mendelian randomization. Essential for the validity of the model is the absence of arrows between the gene and (known or unknown) confounders, as well as the absence of an arrow (i.e., a direct association not dependent on the risk factor) between the gene and the disease. MTHFR methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, CVD cardiovascular disease
