Table 2. Multiple regression analyses controlling for phylogeny (GLS) of sperm quantity and quality in relation to combined testis mass and body mass across eight species of Australian Maluridae.

	predictor	slope	t	P	λ
(a) Sperm quantity
CP volume	testis mass	58.37	2.89	0.03	<0.001 1.0; 0.09
	body mass	−45.39	−1.34	0.24
Seminal glomera mass	testis mass	0.04	4.32	0.007	<0.001 1.0; 0.04
	body mass	−0.03	−1.94	0.11
Sperm stores	testis mass	152.33	3.14	0.02	<0.001 1.0; 0.07
	body mass	−172.23	−2.11	0.09
Ejaculate sperm count	testis mass	31.05	2.44	0.07	<0.001 1.0; 0.04
	body mass	−40.69	−2.23	0.09
(b) Sperm quality
Motile sperm in ejaculates	testis mass	0.24	2.94	0.04	<0.001 1.0; 0.02
	body mass	0.05	0.45	0.67
Viable sperm in sperm reserves	testis mass	0.15	2.99	0.03	<0.001 1.0; 0.007
	body mass	−0.04	−0.47	0.66
Morphologically normal sperm in sperm reserves	testis mass	0.18	4.23	0.008	<0.001 0.14; 0.5
	body mass	−0.36	−4.95	0.004

The model including the maximum-likelihood value of λ was compared against the models including λ = 0 and λ = 1, and superscripts following the λ estimates indicate significance levels of the likelihood-ratio testes (first position: against λ = 0; second position: against λ = 1).