Table I.
Characteristics of NHW in Los Angeles County and Chinese in Shanghai, China
| Los Angeles County |
Shanghai |
|||
| Cases (n = 498) | Controls (n = 588) | Cases (n = 506) | Controls (n = 530) | |
| Age at enrollment | ||||
| ≤45 years | 52 (10%) | 73 (12%) | 50 (10%) | 44 (8%) |
| 45–49 years | 57 (11%) | 69 (12%) | 29 (6%) | 17 (3%) |
| 50–54 years | 92 (18%) | 108 (18%) | 36 (7%) | 27 (5%) |
| 55–59 years | 149 (30%) | 165 (28%) | 40 (8%) | 64 (12%) |
| 60–64 years | 148 (30%) | 133 (23%) | 135 (27%) | 120 (23%) |
| ≥65 years | — | 40 (7%) | 216 (43%) | 258 (49%) |
| Mean (years) | 54.5 | 54.4 | 60.7 | 61.7 |
| Male | 396 (80%) | 475 (81%) | 397 (78%) | 407 (77%) |
| Level of education | ||||
| High school or below | 166 (33%) | 137 (23%) | — | — |
| 1–3 years of college | 164 (33%) | 180 (31%) | — | — |
| College graduate | 168 (34%) | 271 (46%) | — | — |
| Elementary or below | — | — | 167 (33%) | 174 (33%) |
| Middle–high school | — | — | 235 (46%) | 242 (46%) |
| >High school | — | — | 104 (21%) | 114 (22%) |
| Cigarette smoking status | ||||
| Never smokers | 93 (19%) | 228 (39%) | 175 (35%) | 237 (45%) |
| Former smokers | 189 (38%) | 256 (44%) | 64 (13%) | 84 (16%) |
| Current smokers | 216 (43%) | 104 (18%) | 267 (53%) | 209 (39%) |
| Among all smokers | ||||
| <20 Cigarettes/day | 82 (16%) | 106 (18%) | 152 (30%) | 156 (29%) |
| ≥20 Cigarettes/day | 323 (65%) | 254 (43%) | 179 (35%) | 137 (26%) |
| <30 Years of smoking | 181 (36%) | 235 (40%) | 105 (21%) | 112 (21%) |
| ≥30 Years of smoking | 224 (45%) | 125 (21%) | 226 (45%) | 181 (34%) |
| <22.5 Pack years of smoking | 117 (23%) | 173 (29%) | 139 (27%) | 135 (25%) |
| ≥22.5 Pack years of smoking | 288 (58%) | 187 (32%) | 192 (38%) | 158 (30%) |
| Probability of progressiona | ||||
| Low: Ta/G1–2 | 281 (56%) | — | — | — |
| High: all other stages/grades | 214 (43%) | — | — | — |
| Unknown | 3 (1%) | — | — | — |
a
As defined by Kiemeney et al. 2008 (2).