Table 4.

Relationships of gout-related health care resource utilization with gout severity, demographics, gout characteristics and comorbidities

	Primary Care	Rheumatologist	Emergency/Urgent Care	Total Utilization

	Odds Ratio^a [95% CI] p-value	Odds Ratio^a [95% CI] p-value	Odds Ratio^a [95% CI] p-value	Odds Ratio^a [95% CI] p-value
Gout Characteristics
Overall Gout Severity composite	2.11^ [1.46–3.05] p<.0001**	1.35 [0.96–1.89] p=.082	2.59^ [1.71–3.92] P<.0001**	2.16^ [1.42–3.29] P<.0001**
Patient-rated Gout Severity	1.02^ [1.01–1.03] p<.0001**	1.01^* [1.00–1.02] p=.043	1.02^ [1.01–1.03] P<.0001**	1.02^ [1.01–1.04] P<.0001**
Physician-rated Gout Severity	1.46^* [1.02–2.08] p=.037	1.52^* [1.08–2.14] p=.018	1.65^* [1.12–2.42] p=.012	1.74^* [1.12–2.70] p=.014
sUA level	1.09 [0.91–1.31] p=.357	0.93 [0.78–1.12] p=.442	1.18 [0.97–1.43] p=.092	1.09 [0.87–1.37] p=.443
Time Since Last Attack	0.65^ [0.55–0.76] P<.0001**	0.78^ [0.67–0.91] p=.001**	0.66^ [0.55–0.79] p<.0001**	0.59^ [0.49–0.72] p<.0001**
Attack in the last 3 months (yes/no)	3.48^ [1.84–6.58] P<.0001**	2.11^ [1.22–3.65] p=.008**	3.15^ [1.75–5.68] P<.0001**	4.70^ [2.02–10.97] P<.0001**
Tophi	1.56 [0.69–3.55] p=.290	7.92^ [2.81–22.34] p<.0001**	1.45 [0.64–3.31] p=.376	5.21^* [1.13–23.92] p=.034

Demographics and Comorbidity
Age	1.00 [0.98–1.02] p=.892	1.00 [0.97–1.02] p=.496	0.96^** [0.94–0.99] p=.003	0.98 [0.96–1.01] p=.215
Gender	0.99 [0.40–2.42] p=.976	4.85^ [1.72–13.68] p=.003**	2.11 [0.72–6.19] p=.172	1.02 [0.36–2.95] p=.967
Heart Disease	0.72 [0.36–1.45] p=.361	0.99 [0.52–1.88] p=.964	0.35^** [0.17–0.69] p=.003	0.56 [0.25–1.29] p=.175
Kidney Disease	0.89 [0.52–1.52] p=.663	0.68 [0.40–1.15] p=.145	0.85 [0.48–1.50] p=.568	0.54 [0.29–1.03] p=.059
High Blood Pressure	0.68 [0.38–1.21] p=.191	0.65 [0.36–1.17] p=.151	0.50 [0.25–1.01] p=.054	0.55 [0.29–1.06] p=.072
High Cholesterol	0.58 [0.33–1.01] p=.054	1.57 [0.90–2.73] p=.111	0.70 [0.38–1.30] p=.262	1.07 [0.57–2.01] p=.846
Diabetes	0.84 [0.45–1.56] p=.578	0.87 [0.48–1.60] p=.661	1.06 [0.56–2.00] p=.868	1.07 [0.52–2.20] p=.859

Odds ratio whether use or not use particular health care services using logistic regression adjusted for age, gender and individual comorbidities.

Significant odds ratios are in bold-

Significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed);

^**

Significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).