Table 3.

The means and standard errors of the MLEs of three types of parameters (Ψ_u, Ψ_v, π_j|i) defining the likelihood obtained from 200 simulation replicates for QTL mapping of biological rhythms defined by a system of ODE (1). The rhythmic phenotypic traits were simulated at 5 time points for a heritability of 0.4.

Ψu	AA		Aa		aa
	True	MLE(SE)	True	MLE(SE)	True	MLE(SE)
vs	0.76	0.7661(0.0027)	0.82	0.8249(0.0017)	1	1.0162(0.0043)
vm	0.65	0.6698(0.0027)	0.5	0.5108(0.0028)	0.3	0.2989(0.0073)
ks	0.38	0.3775(0.0024)	0.28	0.2836(0.0010)	0.48	0.4796(0.0009)
vd	0.95	0.9513(0.0005)	0.6	0.6069(0.0109)	0.75	0.7523(0.0036)
k1	1.9	1.9105(0.0036)	2.3	2.3330(0.0195)	1.5	1.4989(0.0064)
k2	1.3	1.2995(0.0003)	1	1.0031(0.0012)	0.8	0.8239(0.0028)
KI	1	1.0016(0.0037)	1.6	1.6239(0.0033)	0.6	0.5956(0.0008)
Kd	0.2	0.1996(0.0023)	0.5	0.5229(0.0068)	0.7	0.7218(0.0181)
K1	2	2.0782(0.0231)	2.2	2.1849(0.0099)	2.5	2.4951(0.0071)
K2	2	1.9959(0.0052)	2.2	2.2464(0.0144)	2.5	2.5277(0.0073)
K3	2	2.0595(0.0176)	2.2	2.2039(0.0047)	2.5	2.5047(0.0074)
K4	2	2.0201(0.0087)	2.2	2.2215(0.0052)	2.5	2.5381(0.0058)
n	4	4.0206(0.0033)	6	6.0116(0.0036)	10	10.022(0.0043)
V1	3.2	3.2133(0.0051)	2.2	2.2653(0.0219)	4.2	4.2478(0.0197)
V2	1.58	1.6257(0.0134)	1.38	1.3668(0.0063)	1.78	1.7923(0.0065)
V3	5	5.0864(0.0274)	8	8.0220(0.0069)	12	12.025(0.0042)
V4	2.5	2.5502(0.0171)	1.5	1.5145(0.0056)	0.5	0.5196(0.0057)
Km	0.5	0.5271(0.0078)	0.7	0.7016(0.0036)	1.5	1.5307(0.0097)

Ψv	True	MLE(SE)
σ1	0.66	0.6884(0.0032)
σ2	0.04	0.0535(0.0009)
σ3	0.26	0.2541(0.0025)
σ4	0.12	0.0384(0.0036)
σ5	0.05	0.0711(0.0014)
ρ1	0.8	0.8381(0.0066)
ρ2	0.7	0.6842(0.0021)
ρ3	0.6	0.6325(0.0156)
ρ4	0.6	1.2782(0.0220)
ρ5	0.7	0.6881(0.0055)

πj|i	True	MLE(SE)
p	0.6	0.6007(0.0016)
q	0.7	0.6675(0.0053)
D	0.05	0.0449(0.0028)