Table 2.

Results from Models of Wives’ Housework Hours

	Linear Earnings		Spline Earnings

	Cross-Section	Panel	Panel
Annual Earnings
His Annual Earnings^a	-0.01 (0.04)	0.06 (0.05)	0.06 (0.05)
Her Annual Earnings^a	-0.82 (0.08)^***	-0.46 (0.09)^***	N/A
First Quartile	N/A	N/A	-1.85 (0.44)^***
Second Quartile	N/A	N/A	-1.02 (0.38)^**
Third Quartile	N/A	N/A	-0.21 (0.25)
Fourth Quartile	N/A	N/A	-0.25 (0.11)^*
Children
Age of youngest child	-0.10 (0.03)^**	-0.17 (0.03)^***	-0.16 (0.03)^***
>=1 child	3.46 (0.38)^***	3.65 (0.37)^***	3.59 (0.37)^***
>=2 children	1.39 (0.30)^***	0.71 (0.27)^**	0.69 (0.27)^*
>=3 children	2.03 (0.46)^***	1.20 (0.49)^*	1.15 (0.48)^*
Labor Force Hours
Husband's LF Hours	0.04 (0.02)^*	0.01 (0.01)	0.00 (0.01)
Wife's LF Hours	-0.03 (0.03)	-0.03 (0.02)	-0.03 (0.02)
Year	-0.24 (0.02)^***	-0.13 (0.02)^***	-0.13 (0.02)^***
R² / R² overall	0.16	0.10	0.10
Rho (fraction of variance due to individual-specific fixed effects)	N/A	0.61	0.60

Notes: Results shown are regression coefficients with standard errors in parentheses. The sample includes 20,213 observations from 5,059 couples. In the cross-sectional models, standard errors are clustered at the couple level. All significance tests are two-tailed. All models also control for whether the couple owns their home, rents, or neither owns nor rents, and whether the wife or another member of her household was the respondent in each wave. The cross-sectional model also controls for the ages of each spouse, whether each spouse has a bachelor's degree, and whether the husband is African-American. The knots of the spline are placed at the 25^th, 50^th, and 75^th percentiles of the weighted earnings distribution for wives: $23,925, $33,671, and $47,939.

Earnings are measured in $10,000s

p<.05.

^**

p<.01.

^***

p<0.001.