TABLE 1.
Clinical characteristics of 1,116 EDIC participants with common carotid IMT measurements at years 1, 6, and 12 according to sex and original treatment assignment
| DCCT treatment groups |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women |
Men |
|||
| Characteristics | Intensive | Conventional | Intensive | Conventional |
| N | 267 | 266 | 296 | 287 |
| Demographic, year 6 | ||||
| Attained age (years) | 40 ± 7* | 39 ± 7 | 41 ± 7 | 41 ± 6 |
| Attained type 1 duration (years) | 19 ± 5 | 19 ± 5 | 19 ± 5 | 18 ± 5 |
| Smoking (%) | 16.5 | 15.3 | 18.6 | 13.3 |
| Medical, year 6 | ||||
| Body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (%) | 24.3* | 15.6 | 21.8 | 18.6 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 118 ± 14 | 117 ± 14 | 122 ± 12 | 123 ± 13 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74 ± 9 | 73 ± 10 | 77 ± 9 | 77 ± 8 |
| Hypertension (%)† | 24.9 | 28.6 | 30.5 | 35.1 |
| Lipids, year 5 or 6‡ | ||||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 190 ± 33 | 187 ± 34 | 192 ± 38 | 187 ± 33 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 63 ± 16 | 62 ± 14 | 51 ± 13 | 51 ± 11 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 111 ± 30 | 109 ± 29 | 119 ± 30 | 117 ± 29 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 77 ± 42 | 76 ± 47 | 103 ± 73 | 98 ± 73 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%)§ | 30.3 | 26.3 | 36.6 | 35.8 |
| AER (mg/24 h), year 5 or 6‡ | ||||
| Median (1st, 3rd quartile) | 10* (6, 17) | 10 (6, 21) | 10* (7, 16) | 12 (7, 29) |
| Log (value [mg/24 h]) | 2.3 ± 0.9* | 2.6 ± 1.3 | 2.5 ± 1.1* | 2.9 ± 1.4 |
| ≥40 mg/24 h (%) | 4.6* | 15.2 | 10.7* | 19.3 |
| AER ≥40 or dialysis/transplant (ever) | ||||
| DCCT/EDIC to years 1–2 | 27.7 | 30.8 | 17.6* | 26.1 |
| DCCT/EDIC to years 5–6 | 30.7 | 38 | 22.3* | 34.8 |
| DCCT/EDIC to years 11–12 | 37.1 | 44 | 30.4* | 40.4 |
| AER ≥300 or dialysis/transplant (ever) | ||||
| DCCT/EDIC to years 1–2 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 4.9 |
| DCCT/EDIC to years 5–6 | 3.0* | 8.3 | 3.7* | 10.1 |
| DCCT/EDIC to years 11–12 | 4.5* | 11.7 | 5.1* | 15.7 |
| Weighted mean A1C (%) | ||||
| DCCT A1C | 7.3 ± 0.8* | 9.1 ± 1.3 | 7.2 ± 0.8* | 8.9 ± 1.1 |
| DCCT/EDIC to year 1 | 7.3 ± 0.8* | 8.9 ± 1.2 | 7.3 ± 0.9* | 8.8 ± 1.0 |
| DCCT/EDIC to year 6 | 7.6 ± 0.9* | 8.6 ± 1.1 | 7.6 ± 1.0* | 8.6 ± 1.0 |
| DCCT/EDIC to year 12 | 7.7 ± 1.0* | 8.3 ± 1.0 | 7.7 ± 0.9* | 8.3 ± 1.0 |
| IMT year 1 | ||||
| Common carotid IMT (mm) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 0.601 ± 0.080* | 0.582 ± 0.073 | 0.633 ± 0.088 | 0.637 ± 0.105 |
| Median | 0.592 | 0.578 | 0.627 | 0.625 |
| Range | (0.440–0.846) | (0.414–0.787) | (0.444–0.922) | (0.455–1.065) |
| IMT year 6 | ||||
| Common carotid IMT (mm) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 0.613 ± 0.087 | 0.610 ± 0.096 | 0.647 ± 0.101* | 0.677 ± 0.141 |
| Median | 0.602 | 0.6 | 0.636 | 0.646 |
| Range | (0.411–0.928) | (0.417–1.121) | (0.440–1.133) | (0.425–1.772) |
Data are means ± SD unless noted otherwise.
IMT, common intima-media thickness.
*P < 0.05 by Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuing variables and χ2 test for categorical variables comparing conventional and intensive treatment.
†Hypertension was defined by a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, documented hypertension, or the use of antihypertensive agents.
‡Renal function and lipid levels were determined from the biennial evaluation conducted at year 5 or 6 of the EDIC study.
§Hyperlipidemia was defined by an LDL cholesterol level ≥130 mg/dL or the use of lipid-lowering agents (physicians were alerted to the presence of hyperlipidemia during the DCCT and the EDIC study).