TABLE 4.
Multivariate risk factor models* for progression of common IMT years 1 to 6 and 6 to 12
| Change in carotid IMT (mm) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Years 1 to 6 |
Years 6 to 12 |
|||
| Risk factor (years 1 or 6)† | β-coefficient‡ | P | β-coefficient‡ | P |
| Model R2 |
0.51 |
0.57 |
||
| Attained age (years) |
0.0032 ± 0.0004 |
<0.0001 |
0.0019 ± 0.0005 |
0.0003 |
| Sex (male vs. female) |
0.0152 ± 0.0055 |
0.0053 |
0.0144 ± 0.0063 |
0.0227 |
| Cohort (secondary vs. primary) |
0.0064 ± 0.0050 |
0.2028 |
0.0122 ± 0.0062 |
0.0469 |
| Common IMT (mm) |
0.6847 ± 0.0343 |
<0.0001 |
0.8282 ± 0.0328 |
<0.0001 |
| Treatment group (intensive vs. conventional) |
−0.0199 ± 0.0051 |
<0.0001 |
0.0024 ± 0.0061 |
0.6921 |
| Currently smoking (yes vs. no) |
0.0173 ± 0.0066 |
0.0088 |
0.0288 ± 0.0084 |
0.0006 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
0.0002 ± 0.0003 |
0.486 |
0.0006 ± 0.0003 |
0.0693 |
| Body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (yes vs. no) |
0.0101 ± 0.0076 |
0.1834 |
0.0224 ± 0.0078 |
0.0043 |
| Systolic blood pressure* sex interaction |
0.0010 ± 0.0004 |
0.0234 |
0.0014 ± 0.0005 |
0.0040 |
| Male vs. female at 100 mmHg |
−0.0041 ± 0.0087 |
0.6384 |
−0.0126 ± 0.0113 |
0.2642 |
| Male vs. female at 110 mmHg |
0.0056 ± 0.0059 |
0.3496 |
0.0009 ± 0.0079 |
0.9094 |
| Male vs. female at 120 mmHg |
0.0152 ± 0.0054 |
0.0053 |
0.0144 ± 0.0063 |
0.0227 |
| Male vs. female at 130 mmHg |
0.0249 ± 0.0078 |
0.0014 |
0.0280 ± 0.0079 |
0.0004 |
| Male vs. female at 140 mmHg |
0.0346 ± 0.0113 |
0.0023 |
0.0415 ± 0.0113 |
0.0003 |
| Overall effect |
||||
| Sex |
df = 2 |
0.0061 |
df = 2 |
0.0012 |
| Systolic blood pressure | df = 2 | 0.0008 | df = 2 | <0.0001 |
*Separate multiple linear regression models for the change in IMT over each period adjusted for readers and machine devices. In additional models, LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol were not significantly associated with change in IMT over either period.
†The model for IMT progression from years 1 to 6 was adjusted for risk factors evaluated or measured at EDIC year 1; the model for progression from years 6 to 12 was adjusted for factors evaluated or measured at EDIC year 6.
‡Coefficient (estimated ± SE) is the mm change in IMT progression per unit increase in the covariate, or the difference between covariate categories as stated.