Table 4.

Peri-operative surgical complications for the 90-day period after surgical therapy occurred in a minority of patients

Peri-operative surgical complications	n	%	Grade(s)
None	134	77.9%	–
Cardiac	4	2.3%	I–II
Non-infectious intra-abdominal fluid collection	4	2.3%	I
Partial portal venous thrombosis or non-fatal hepatic insufficiency	4	2.3%	II–IIIa
Gastrointestinal	4	2.3%	I
Pulmonary	10	5.8%	I–II
Infectious	5	2.9%	I–II
Others	7	4.1%	I–IVa
Death	0	0.0%	–

They are listed here by organ system. Cardiac complications were typically transient atrial fibrillation. Intra-abdominal fluid collections with positive bacterial cultures were categorized as ‘Infectious’ with urinary tract infections, abscess, and wound infections. Gastrointestinal complications were primarily conservatively managed ileus and dysphagia at discharge. Pulmonary complications included effusions (all conservatively managed) and pneumonia. ‘Others’ included, bladder/urinary dysfunction, transient renal insufficiency and transient thrombocytopenia. Classification is based on the Dindo–Clavien classification.¹³