Table 2.

Source	Country	n	Frailty Prevalence (%)		Frailty Criteria
Fried et al. 2001	USA	5317	Age		CHS criteria (see Table 1)
			65-74	3.9
			75-84	11.6
			85+	25.0
			Sex
			Female	8.2
			Male	5.2
			Race
			Caucasian	5.9
			African American	12.9
Bandeen-Roche et al. 2006	USA	786	Age		WHAS criteria (see Table 1)
			70-79	11.3
			Race
			Caucasian	9.8
			African American	15.8
Santos-Eggimann et al. 2009	10 European countries: Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France, Italy, Spain, Greece	7510	Age 65+	17.0	Three or more of the following five criteria: Weight loss: self-report of a “diminution in desire for food” in response to the question “What has your appetite been like” Exhaustion: responding yes to the question “In the last month, have you had too little energy to do things you wanted to do.” Weakness: same as in CHS Slowness: Self-report of either having “difficulty [expected to last more than 3 months] walking 100 meters” or “climbing one flight of stairs without resting” due to health reasons. Low activity: responding “one to three times a month” or “hardly ever or never to the question “How often do you engage in activities that require a low or moderate level of energy such as gardening, cleaning the car, or going for a walk?.”
		873		8.6
		635		12.4
		830		11.3
		933		12.1
		707		10.8
		412		5.8
		687		15.0
		833		23.0
		816		27.3
		784		14.7
Graham et al. 2008	USA	1996	Age 65+		Three or more of the following five criteria: Weight loss: unintentional weight loss ≥4.5 kg in last year Exhaustion: same as in CHS Weakness by Grip Strength:  weakest 20% for men:  ≤21 kg for BMI ≤24.2  ≤24.5 kg for BMI 24.3–26.8  ≤25.4 kg for BMI 26.9–29.5  ≤25.5 kg for BMI >29.5  weakest 20% for women:  ≤13.5 kg for BMI ≤24.7  ≤14.2 kg for BMI 24.8–28.3  ≤15.0 kg for BMI 28.4–32.1  ≤15.0 kg for BMI >32.1 Slowness by 4.9-meter timed walk at fast pace  slowest 20% for men:  ≥11.2 s for height ≤168 cm  ≥9.7 s for height >168 cm  slowest 20% for women:  ≥12.0 s for height ≤154 cm  ≥11.2 s for height >154 cm Low activity: lowest 20th percentile by gender based on Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE).  lowest 20% for men ≤30  lowest 20% for women ≤27.5
			Race	7.8
			Mexican American
Alvarado et al. 2008			Age 60+		Three or more of the following five criteria: Weight loss: self-report of loss > 10 pounds unintentionally during the previous 3 months Exhaustion: Responding “No” to the question “Do you have lots of energy” and/or responding “Yes” to the question “Have your dropped many of your activities or interests” Weakness: same as in CHS Slowness: self-report of difficulty walking 100 yards and/or climbing one flight of stairs Low activity: Responding “No” to the question “In the last twelve months, have your exercised regularly or participated in vigorous physical activity such as playing a sport, dancing or doing heavy housework 3 or more times a week?”
	Barbados	1446	Female	30.0
			Male	21.5
	Cuba	1726	Female	46.7
			Male	30.4
	Mexico	1063	Female	45.5
			Male	30.4
	Chile	1220	Female	48.2
			Male	31.7
	Brazil	1879	Female	44.1
			Male	35.4
Avila-Funes et al. 2009	France	6030	Age 65+	7.0	Three or more of the following five criteria: Weight loss: self-report of recent loss ≥ 3 kg unintentionally or BMI <21 kg/m2 Exhaustion: same as in CHS Weakness: responding “Yes” to the question “Do you have difficulty rising from a chair?” Slowness: gender and height adjusted lowest quantile on a timed 6-meter walking test at usual pace Low activity: denied doing daily leisure activities such as walking or gardening or participating in athletic activity at least once a week