FIG. 8.

Abnormal spine morphology in PAK1/PAK3 DK mice. (A, B) Dendritic segments of CA1 neurons with Golgi impregnation showing changes in spine morphology and presence of uncommon spines with spine head branches/protrusions (arrows) in the DK mice. Scale bars, 4 μm. (C to F) Summary graphs showing reduced mushroom spines with increased filopodia and uncommon spines (C), reduced head/neck rations (D), reduced spine head size, and increased spine length (F) in the DK mice. n = number of spines from three animals per genotype.