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Exogenous IL-6 activates urothelial cells and initiates transcription. After a 5-h treatment in Ussing chambers with normal Ringer's solution (NR), exogenous IL-6 canine bladder mucosae were immunoblotted for SOCS3 and actin (protein loading control). Exogenous IL-6 significantly increased SOCS3 production compared to untreated tissue (NR). **, P < 0.05 (n = 4 dogs each).
