Table 1.

Study Design

In vitro studies establishing the relationship between tooth root surface topography, initial cell attachment, and focal adhesion (Fig. 1)

In vitro feasibility studies demonstrating attachment of mouse periodontal ligament progenitor cells on root surfaces of extracted teeth (Fig. 2)

In vivo replantation of periodontal progenitor-populated tooth roots into tooth molar sockets (Figs. 3–5)

○ Clinical evaluation in animals

○ Histology

○ Microcomputed tomography

○ Scanning electron microscopy

○ Mechanical function test

○ Recognition of GFP-labeled progenitors in replanted tissues

○ Molecular characterization by immunohistochemistry and Western blot

GFP, green fluorescent protein.