Table 4. Serum cytokine concentrations in keratoconus and control subjects.
| Control (C) | Keratoconus (KC) | Fold change | ||
| Cytokine | Mean ± SD, pg/ml | Mean ± SD, pg/ml | KC/Ca | p b-value |
| IL-1β | 0.18±0.15 | 0.14±0.11 | 0.8 | 0.71 |
| IL-4 | 0.09±0.06 | 0.11±0.08 | 1.2 | 0.61 |
| IL-6 | 1.77±3.66 | 1.39±2.37 | 0.8 | 0.31 |
| IL-10 | ND | ND | N/A | - |
| IL-12 | ND | ND | N/A | - |
| IL-13 | ND | ND | N/A | - |
| IFN-γ | 27.49±9.73 | 25.84±25.38 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| CCL5 | 100.70±55.61 | 93.19±58.0 | 0.9 | 0.73 |
| TNF-α | 1.46±1.71 | 1.57±1.42 | 1.1 | 1.0 |
a
Fold change in mean cytokine level.
b
p value based on Mann-Whitney test. ND: Not detectable. All readings were below detection levels.
N/A: not applicable.