Table 1.
Population Descriptive Characteristics, Inpatient Rehabilitation Patients, January 2002–June 2003
| Mean (SD) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Hip Fracture | Stroke | |
| N | 38,346 | 47,434 |
| Outcomes | ||
| IRF costs (initial IRF stay) | U.S.$11,139 (U.S.$5,739) | U.S.$14,554 (U.S.$9,026) |
| IRF LOS (days) | 13.9 (6.2) | 17.0 (9.4) |
| Dead or institutionalized (60 day outcome) (%) | 18.12 | 24.79 |
| Dead or institutionalized (120 day outcome) (%) | 24.15 | 32.51 |
| Dead or institutionalized (180 day outcome) (%) | 20.29 | 27.43 |
| Competition measures | ||
| Facility-level competition measure | 0.933 (0.065) | 0.905 (0.084) |
| Zip code-level competition measure (IV) | 0.934 (0.061) | 0.908 (0.084) |
| Patient characteristics | ||
| Age | 80.2 (8.4) | 76.3 (9.1) |
| Female (%) | 75.44 | 57.14 |
| Hispanic (%) | 1.64 | 1.91 |
| Black (%) | 4.39 | 15.52 |
| White (%) | 91.87 | 78.81 |
| Other race/ethnicity (%) | 2.10 | 3.76 |
| Medicaid beneficiary (%) | 13.80 | 19.19 |
| Condition-specific factors | ||
| Pertrof fracture | 46.49% | — |
| Total hip replacement | 4.03% | — |
| Partial hip replacement | 37.03% | — |
| Revision hip replacement | 0.21% | — |
| Basilar artery infarct | — | 0.52% |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | — | 9.51% |
| Carotid, vertebral, or multiple artery | — | 5.78% |
| Complications | ||
| Number of complications | 0.21 | 0.16 |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Number of comorbidities | 0.93 | 1.42 |
| Facility characteristics | ||
| Freestanding IRF (%) | 34.57 | 31.49 |
| Rural IRF (%) | 0.57 | 1.03 |
| Urban IRF (%) | 99.43 | 98.97 |
| Percentage low-income patients (%) | 10.59 | 11.85 |
| Volume of Medicare patients (%) | 70.56 | 66.96 |
| Teaching facility (%) | 13.40 | 16.15 |
| Wage index | 0.99 | 1.00 |
| Nonprofit IRF (%) | 58.62 | 63.79 |
| Government IRF (%) | 6.36 | 6.63 |
| For-profit IRF (%) | 35.02 | 29.58 |
| Small IRF (%) | 11.09 | 10.77 |
| Medium IRF (%) | 45.03 | 46.69 |
| Large IRF (%) | 43.88 | 42.54 |
| Northeast region (%) | 24.50 | 21.69 |
| North central region (%) | 18.98 | 24.12 |
| South region (%) | 44.75 | 38.35 |
| West region (%) | 11.77 | 15.84 |
| Zip code characteristics | ||
| Proportion in zip code under poverty line | 11.6% (8.4%) | 12.5% (9.2%) |
| Proportion of Hispanics in zip code | 11.3% (18.1%) | 10.98% (17.5%) |
| Proportion of blacks in zip code | 11.9% (18.4%) | 15.5% (23.4%) |
Notes. Regressions include individual complications and comorbidities as described in the text; they are summarized this way to save space. Regressions also include quarterly time trend.
IRF, inpatient rehabilitation facility; IV, instrumental variable.