Table 3.
Clinical data on the relevance of different MGP isoforms
| MGP Species | Studies | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| Total uc-MGP (uncarboxylated, mainly phosphorylated MGP) | Reduced levels in patients with cardiovascular disease and CKD patients31 | May be partially bioactive |
| Negative association with coronary calcification in dialysis patients32 | Low circulating levels reflect cardiovascular calcifications, possibly because of binding to vascular calcium precipitates | |
| dp-ucMGP (nonphosphorylated, uncarboxylated MGP) | Correlation with PIVKA-II (this study) | Inactive species |
| Increased levels in CKD patients15 and dialysis patients (this study) | Most likely reflects vitamin K status of the vessel wall | |
| Increased levels associated with increased mortality risk in CKD patients but not in dialysis patients15 | ||
| Increased levels associated with increased mortality in aortic stenosis patients16 | ||
| dp-cMGP (nonphosphorylated, carboxylated MGP) | Increased levels in dialysis patients | Partially bioactive MGP |
| Reduced levels in dialysis patients associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk | May reflect vascular health | |
| Reduced levels in dialysis patients with vascular calcification (all this study) |