(A) Time course of membrane disruption by IAPP preincubated with insulin. First, 25 μM IAPP were incubated in solution with 0, 25, or 250 μM insulin in the absence of lipids for the indicated time points. A 1:25 dilution (1 μM IAPP and 0, 1, or 10 μM insulin) was then added to 200 μM POPG vesicles and the dye leakage that was induced after 100 s was recorded. (B) Amyloid fiber formation by 25 μM IAPP incubated with 0, 25, or 250 μM insulin in the absence of lipids as shown by ThT fluorescence.