Apoptogenic efficacy of MitoVE11S depends on its chirality. A, molecular modeling documents the predicted interaction of R- (blue) and S-MitoV11ES (brown) with the UbQ-interacting Ser68 in the QP site of SDHC. B, Jurkat cells were exposed to rac-, R-, or S-MitoVE11S at 2.5 μm for the times shown and assessed for apoptosis induction. The data are mean ± S.D. (error bars) (n = 3). *, significant difference (p < 0.05) between cells treated with S- and R-MitoVE11S.