Table 1.

Summary Statistics Used in the Analysis (Data Set 2)

Gene	Pathway Position	Six Species					Five Speciesa					Gene Expression		Connectivity	Protein Lengthf
		dNb	dSb	ω	ENC	% Used Codonsc	dNb	dSb	ω	ENC	% Used Codonsc	Leveld	Breadthe
INSR	0	0.185	4.344	0.043	49.77	77.50	0.155	4.131	0.038	49.52	91.61	1,012.74	22	73	1,382
IRS1	1	0.068	4.688	0.015	41.98	23.19	0.081	3.096	0.026	42.95	48.07	340.74	18	66	1,242
PIK3R1	2	0.131	4.610	0.029	55.14	77.73	0.103	1.912	0.054	55.64	98.63	835.66	25	132	732
PIK3CB	3	0.129	2.430	0.053	52.82	95.05	0.107	2.146	0.050	52.71	99.25	419.30	24	7	1,070
VEPH1	4	0.338	2.774	0.122	53.15	92.80	0.278	2.235	0.124	52.62	92.80	80.54	2	4	833
PDPK1	4	0.025	2.916	0.009	52.72	44.06	0.077	2.064	0.038	52.54	80.04	1,338.84	25	36	556
AKT1	5	0.051	6.026	0.009	45.77	74.38	0.042	4.984	0.008	40.99	92.71	970.02	19	108	480
PRKCI	5	0.017	2.722	0.006	55.98	88.09	0.029	2.208	0.013	56.39	95.13	1,147.88	25	33	596
TSC1	5	0.275	1.970	0.140	54.69	91.49	0.228	1.708	0.134	54.54	91.49	715.78	25	15	1,164
FOXO1	6	0.202	3.688	0.055	47.50	74.35	0.157	2.419	0.065	49.32	87.63	868.36	25	23	655
GSK3B	6	0.003	1.551	0.002	53.88	62.59	0.027	0.974	0.027	53.99	99.77	561.56	25	88	433
TSC2	6	0.179	4.578	0.039	45.64	83.45	0.144	3.032	0.048	49.98	94.08	358.20	17	22	1,807
EIF2B5	7	0.285	3.861	0.074	53.98	86.82	0.235	2.876	0.082	54.04	91.40	711.14	25	68	721
GYS1	7	0.078	5.856	0.013	41.29	50.07	0.069	7.092	0.010	42.24	50.07	1,352.30	25	10	737
MYC	7	0.198	3.513	0.057	43.58	47.58	0.150	3.056	0.049	44.20	73.57	490.34	18	148	454
RHEB	7	0.017	1.481	0.011	45.33	90.22	0.018	1.115	0.016	46.09	100.00	2,303.66	25	7	184
MTOR	8	0.027	2.916	0.009	49.47	94.00	0.023	2.374	0.010	50.68	96.43	302.60	20	15	2,549
EIF4EBP1	9	0.171	3.370	0.051	43.46	38.14	0.116	2.849	0.041	45.02	68.64	558.70	19	15	118
RPS6KB1	9	0.019	1.188	0.016	53.83	89.90	0.014	1.020	0.013	53.44	94.48	164.44	7	21	525
EIF4E	10	0.036	1.081	0.033	54.81	94.93	0.031	0.815	0.038	54.20	94.93	—	—	106	217
RPS6	10	0.011	4.795	0.002	50.80	81.53	0.011	2.570	0.004	51.18	99.20	23,490.48	25	179	249

^aExcluding Ornithorhynchus anatinus from the analyses.

^bValues estimated as the sum across all branches of the phylogeny (M0 model).

^cPercent of used codons for estimating d_N, d_S, and ω values.

^dExpression levels averaged across 25 selected human tissues (supplementary table S2, Supplementary Material online).

^eNumber of tissues (out of 25) with expression level ≥ 200.

^fNumber of amino acids of the human protein.