Figure 5. Increasing EphB2 expression in the dentate gyrus ameliorates learning and memory deficits in hAPP mice.

a, Learning curves during spatial training in the Morris water maze. The latency for each mouse to reach the hidden platform was recorded. Trial 1 represents performance on the first trial, and subsequent sessions represent the average of two training trials. Lenti-empty treated hAPP mice had longer latencies and travelled farther (not shown) to find the hidden platform than all other groups (P < 0.0001, repeated-measures ANOVA). b, Representative paths from the last session of hidden-platform training. c, Time it took mice to reach the target platform location during a probe trial (platform removed) 24 h after the last hidden-platform training. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus first bar or as indicated by bracket (one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test). d, Object recognition memory as reflected by the percentage of time mice spent exploring a familiar versus a novel object during a 10-min test session. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 versus familiar object (paired t test). e, Spatial location memory as reflected by the percentage of time mice spent exploring familiar objects whose locations were or were not altered. **P < 0.01 versus familiar place (t test). f, Passive avoidance memory. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, versus training or as indicated by bracket (one-way nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post test). n = 9–12 mice per genotype and treatment. Values are means ± s.e.m.