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. 2011 Jan 28;6(1):e14622. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014622

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Horn et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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Beavers live in North America (C. canadensis, striped areas) and Eurasia (C. fiber, grey areas). Black areas mark C. fiber relict populations from which the current populations developed. C. canadensis was introduced in Europe and Asia (striped areas, distribution not exactly known for Kamchatka). Numbers indicate beaver populations sampled for mitochondrial genome sequencing. C. fiber was sampled in the areas of the relict populations (1,3,4,5) or close to them (2) [31]. C. canadensis was sampled in a European introduced population (6). Arrow: migration via the Bering land bridge is suggested to have initiated Castor speciation around 8–7.6 million years ago (mya). Map redrawn from [1], [31] and [55].