Figure 1. Shortened and disorganized growth plate in mice with disrupted BMP signaling.

(A–C) Growth plate sections of long bones of P1 and (D–F) eight weeks old mice stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. (G) Quantification of growth plate length (3 data points in each 20 sections of two mice per genotype, P = <0.001). cKO: conditional knock out; um: micrometer; WT: wild type. (H) Compared to WT control, Smad1^cKO/cKO and Smad1^cKO/cKO;Smad5^+/− primary chondrocytes exhibit blunted response to rhBMP2 treatment, as revealed by decreased pSmad1,5 levels in the Western blots. α-tubulin is used as loading control.