Table 7.

Traits Related to Kidney Disease, Diabetes, and CVD in GKDZI Study Participants, by Heavy Metal Exposure

Trait	No. (nonartisans/artisans)	Participants Who Were Not Artisans	Participants Who Were Artisans	Pa
eGFRMDRD-AI (mL/min/1.73m2)	348/459	118.15 ± 29.8	114.61 ± 27.8	0.2
UACR	349/461	78.26 ± 315.2	167.91 ± 696.4	0.009
SCr (mg/dL)	358/462	0.94 ± 1.1	0.90 ± 0.68	0.2
SUN (mg/dL)	358/461	12.87 ± 7.3	11.83 ± 5.7	0.002
Uric acid (mg/dL)	357/461	5.69 ± 1.7	6.09 ± 1.6	0.005
Hematuriab	349/460	2.29 ± 14.8	2.09 ± 5.4	0.9
Weight (lb)	358/463	166.30 ± 41.7	167.53 ± 39.8	0.1
BMI (kg/m2)	358/463	29.81 ± 7.2	29.15 ± 6.5	0.7
HbA1c (%)	358/463	5.79 ± 1.5	5.83 ± 1.3	0.3
SBP (mm Hg)	358/463	119.43 ± 15.9	124.94 ± 16.8	<0.001
DBP (mm Hg)	358/463	75.17 ± 10.9	79.67 ± 11.6	0.003
HDL-C (mg/dL)	335/437	48.05 ± 15.6	50.57 ± 16.3	0.02
LDL-C (mg/dL)	311/400	93.25 ± 26.9	102.21 ± 33.6	0.001
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	356/460	172.05 ± 141.4	171.08 ± 123.3	0.9
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	356/460	174.16 ± 35.6	184.78 ± 39.6	<0.001

Note: Unless otherwise indicated, values shown are mean ± standard error.

Abbreviations and definitions: BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; eGFR_MDRD-AI, estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated by the Modification of Diet and Renal Disease Study equation modified for American Indians; GKDZI, Genetics of Kidney Disease in Zuni Indians; HbA_1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SCr, serum creatinine; SUN, serum urea nitrogen; UACR, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio.

^aAll traits were inverse normalized to test differences between the 2 groups.

^bHematuria is defined as 3 or more red blood cells per high-power field.