Table 1.
Average total range of motion at the instrumented level, L3–4, and adjacent levels L2–3 and L4–5 for the intact, Universal Clamp (UC), Universal Clamp with transverse connector (UCTR), and Wallis conditions
| Total ROM (mean and SD) (degrees) | Global ROM (mean and SD) (degrees) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| L2–L3 | L3–L4 | L4–L5 | L1–S1 | |
| Flexion–extension | ||||
| Intact | 6.8 (2.5) | 6.6 (3.5) | 8.0 (3.5) | 34.9 (11.4) |
| UC | 6.7 (2.6) | 4.1 (2.2) | 8.0 (3.8) | 32.5 (10.6) |
| −1.3% | −38.3% | −0.7% | −6.8% | |
| UCTR | 7.0 (2.8) | 3.3 (1.4)* | 8.4 (4.4) | 32.5 (10.5) |
| 3.4% | −50.8% | 5.1% | −6.8% | |
| Wallis | 7.3 (2.9) | 5.7 (2.6) | 8.3 (3.7) | 35.1 (11.0) |
| 6.9% | −13.8% | 3.5% | 0.6% | |
| Lateral bending | ||||
| Intact | 7.3 (2.3) | 7.9 (4.5) | 6.8 (3.5) | 33.2 (11.7) |
| UC | 7.6 (2.5) | 7.6 (4.4) | 7.0 (3.8) | 33.6 (12.3) |
| 3.1% | −4.2% | 3.1% | 1.1% | |
| UCTR | 7.9 (3.0) | 6.3 (5.9) | 7.2 (4.0) | 34.0 (13.4) |
| 7.9% | −20.3% | 5.9% | 2.5% | |
| Wallis | 8.1 (3.0) | 8.4 (4.8) | 7.3 (4.0) | 35.4 (13.3) |
| 10.5% | 6.2% | 6.9% | 6.6% | |
| Axial rotation | ||||
| Intact | 4.7 (2.7) | 5.5 (3.9) | 3.8 (2.1) | 19.9 (10.2) |
| UC | 4.9 (2.8) | 4.9 (3.6) | 4.0 (2.3) | 19.6 (10.3) |
| 3.2% | −10.4% | 3.4% | −1.2% | |
| UCTR | 5.0 (3.0) | 4.8 (3.5) | 4.2 (2.4) | 20.0 (10.6) |
| 7.0% | −13.0% | 8.3% | 0.7% | |
| Wallis | 5.1 (3.0) | 5.5 (4.5) | 4.5 (2.5) | 21.0 (11.1) |
| 7.4% | 0.4% | 16.9% | 5.5% | |
Percent change from intact ROM is included. A negative number represents a decrease in ROM as compared to the intact condition. Global total range of motion for the L1–S1 spinal segment is also included
* P < 0.05 for comparisons between intact and instrumented conditions over the entire range of motion