Table 3.
Adjusteda mean age 3 cognitive scores (95% CI) for verbalb and non-verbalc index scores for each antiepileptic drug
| Carbamazepine | Lamotrigine | Phenytoin | Valproate | Differences of valproate with other AEDsd | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verbal indexb | 93.0 (88.6:97.3) | 96.6 (92.3:100.9) | 95.9 (91.0:100.8) | 83.9 (78.8:89.0) | 9.0–12.7 |
| Non-verbal indexc | 99.6 (95.0:104.2) | 106.3 (101.7:110.9) | 102.0 (96.9:107.2) | 98.5 (93.1:103.8) | 1.1–7.8 |
a Mean age 3 index scores adjusted for maternal IQ, maternal age, dose, race, alcohol use during pregnancy and folate.
b Verbal index included: (i) naming vocabulary and verbal comprehension subtests from the Differential Ability Scales (Elliott, 1990); (ii) expressive communication and auditory comprehension subscales from the Preschool Language Scale (Zimmerman et al., 2002); and (iii) the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (Dunn and Dunn, 2007).
c Non-verbal index included: (i) block building subtest from the Differential Ability Scales (Elliott, 1990) and (ii) the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (Beery and Beery, 2004).
d Mean difference between non-verbal and verbal index scores across all drugs was 5.36 (95% CI = 3.5:7.2), P < 0.0001 from a paired t-test.