A network grown from a single centrally located invader (for parameter values β = 0.04, nr = 1, p = 1, c1 = 0.3). Branches of invader cells (grey) are punctuated by occasional bifurcation or sprout points (black). Networks shown for t/δt = 10, 20 and 40 in (a), (b) and (c), respectively. Initial invader is the black element near the centre of the network in (a).