Figure 1.

On of the three studied interaction matrices: the seed-dispersal matrix from HR, showing all observed links (black cells) and all species combinations, which are phenologically uncoupled (grey cells). The link pattern is nested with seed dispersers listed in rows from top to bottom according to descending linkage level L, i.e. number of links per species; and plants are listed in columns from left to right also according to descending L. Cells with ‘S’ and ‘A’ indicate forbidden links owing to size mismatches and accessibility limitations, respectively. Given the robust sampling of these interaction matrices (electronic supplementary material, S2), blank cells indicate unobserved links attributable to other types of (unknown) constraints.