Table 6.

Mean differences and statistical significance for kinematic variables for shod and barefoot running.

Variable	Shoe Condition	Authors	n	Weighting	Mean difference [95%CI]	Statistical significance: z Score (P)	Heterogeneity: I2%
Ankle angle at foot strike (°)	Unknown	Lieberman et al. [25]	17	100.0%	-6.80 [-13.52, -0.08]	1.98 (P = 0.049)	N/A
Plantar foot angle at foot strike (°)	Unknown	Lieberman et al. [25]	17	100.0%	-9.70 [-16.43, -2.97]	2.83 (P = 0.005)	N/A
Knee angle at foot strike (°)	Unknown	Lieberman et al. [25]	17	100.0%	-0.50 [-4.90, 3.90]	0.22 (P = 0.82)	N/A
Knee lift angle (°)	Unknown	Tazuke [26]	4	100.0%	-1.20 [-16.25, 13.84]	0.16 (P = 0.88)	N/A
Knee angular velocity (°/s)	Unknown	Tazuke [26]	4	100.0%	-160.59 [-304.34, -16.83]	2.19 (P = 0.03)	N/A
Swing-back velocity (°/s)	Unknown	Tazuke [26]	4	100.0%	-84.24 [-158.64, -9.84]	2.22 (P = 0.03)	N/A

A negative mean difference value indicates a decrease during shod running compared to barefoot running. N/A indicates not applicable