Table 3.

Association Between Urban-form Variables and Exercise Walking in Individual and Mutually Adjusted Models, Black Women's Health Study, 1995–2001

Urban-form Variable	No. ≥5 Hours/Weeka	Total in Quintilea	Individual Model ORb	95% CI	Mutually Adjusted Model ORb	95% CI
Housing density quintile, units/acrec
<1–4.0	1,277	9,984	1		1
4.1–6.7	1,247	9,596	1.03	0.93, 1.15	1.04	0.93, 1.17
6.8–11.6	1,178	9,167	1.05	0.94, 1.18	1.06	0.93, 1.20
11.7–25.2	1,231	9,109	1.18	1.05, 1.32	1.19	1.03, 1.37
25.3–161	1,300	8,997	1.31	1.16, 1.47	1.28	1.07, 1.52
P for trend			<0.0001		0.013
Average block area quintile, acres
7.7–428	1,301	9,889	1		1
5.7–7.6	1,269	9,497	1.06	0.96, 1.17	0.99	0.88, 1.12
4.8–5.6	1,239	9,307	1.08	0.97, 1.21	0.97	0.84, 1.11
4.1–4.7	1,251	9,214	1.13	1.01, 1.26	0.98	0.84, 1.14
<0.5–4.0	1,172	8,943	1.09	0.97, 1.22	0.92	0.78, 1.10
P for trend			0.87		0.35
Intersection density quintiles, no./mile2d
0–117.0	1,248	9,787	1		1
117.1–141.3	1,258	9,457	1.08	0.98, 1.20	1.08	0.96, 1.20
141.4–163.4	1,269	9,298	1.13	1.01, 1.25	1.12	1.00, 1.27
163.5–199.3	1,250	9,283	1.11	1.00, 1.23	1.11	0.97, 1.27
199.4–600.0	1,208	9,028	1.13	1.01, 1.26	1.16	0.99, 1.36
P for trend			0.14		0.77
Intersections that are 4-way quintile, %
0–25	1,341	10,271	1		1
26–40	1,183	8,786	1.07	0.96, 1.18	1.05	0.94, 1.17
41–54	1,266	9,686	1.06	0.95, 1.18	0.99	0.88, 1.12
55–68	1,289	9,428	1.14	1.02, 1.27	1.05	0.91, 1.20
69–100	1,154	8,664	1.13	1.00, 1.27	1.03	0.89, 1.20
P for trend			0.036		0.93
Miles to nearest train/subway/ferry stop quintile, no.
2.7–97.6	1,378	9,893	1		1
1.3–2.6	1,210	9,501	0.98	0.88, 1.09	0.98	0.88, 1.09
0.7–1.2	1,184	9,474	1.01	0.90, 1.13	0.97	0.86, 1.10
0.5–0.6	1,203	8,936	1.11	0.98, 1.25	1.02	0.89, 1.16
0–0.4	1,258	9,032	1.16	1.02, 1.31	1.01	0.87, 1.17
P for trend			0.046		0.15
Miles of bus routes quintiles, no.
0–0.7	1,328	10,063	1		1
0.8–1.3	1,177	9,603	0.95	0.85, 1.05	0.91	0.82, 1.02
1.4–2.0	1,202	9,187	1.02	0.91, 1.13	0.96	0.85, 1.08
1.9–3.0	1,243	9,037	1.09	0.98, 1.21	0.99	0.87, 1.13
3.1–10.3	1,283	8,962	1.16	1.04, 1.30	0.98	0.84, 1.15
P for trend			0.0007		0.55
Street segments with sidewalk coverage, %
<50	398	2,939	1		1
≥50	5,835	43,914	0.97	0.84, 1.11	0.86	0.74, 1.01
P for trend			0.29		0.51
Miles to nearest park quintile, no.
0.85–15.2	1,302	9,509	1		1
0.52–0.84	1,161	9,236	0.91	0.82, 1.01	0.89	0.80, 0.99
0.30–0.51	1,199	9,368	0.96	0.86, 1.06	0.93	0.83, 1.03
0.13–0.29	1,258	9,336	1.02	0.92, 1.13	0.98	0.88, 1.09
0.0–0.12	1,313	9,401	1.06	0.96, 1.17	1.01	0.91, 1.12
P for trend			0.11		0.57

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

^aNumber of observations, not individuals.

^bAdjusted for age in 5-year categories, region (New York, New York; Chicago, Illinois; Los Angeles, California), year (1995, 1997, 1999), body mass index (<25, 25–29, 30–34, 35–39, ≥40 and missing), smoking status (former, current, never), alcohol intake (past, current, never, missing), parity (0, 1, 2, 3, ≥4), marital status (separated/divorced/widowed, married, single, missing), caregiver responsibilities (yes, no), years of education (<12, 12, 13–15, 16, >16, missing), number of residential moves in the last 2 years (0, 1, 2), presence of chronic disease (yes, no, missing), history of cancer at baseline (yes, no), energy intake (kilocalories/day) in quintiles and missing, hours of TV viewing per day (<1, 1–2.9, 3–4.9, ≥5), percentage of vacant housing units (quintiles), neighborhood socioeconomic status index (quintiles), and crime index (quintiles).

^cOne acre = 0.4 hectare.

^dOne mile = 1.6 km.