Table 3. Results of a multilevel model of cluster-level indicators on under-5 deaths.
Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% C.I.) | p-value | |
P. falciparum prevalence a | ||
0.-9.9% | REF | — |
10-24.9% | 1.11 (0.82–1.49) | 0.501 |
25-49.9% | 1.38 (1.05–1.82) | 0.021 |
> = 50% | 1.47 (1.1–1.98) | 0.01 |
Prevalence of vaccination receipt b | ||
1st quartile | REF | — |
2nd quartile | 0.76 (0.59–0.99) | 0.04 |
3rd quartile | 0.86 (0.67–1.1) | 0.235 |
4th quartile | 0.47 (0.36–0.63) | <0.001 |
Diarrhea prevalence c | ||
1st quartile | REF | — |
2nd quartile | 1.03 (0.78–1.36) | 0.836 |
3rd quartile | 1.16 (0.88–1.54) | 0.287 |
4th quartile | 1.02 (0.76–1.37) | 0.894 |
Fever prevalence c | ||
1st quartile | REF | — |
2nd quartile | 1.02 (0.77–1.35) | 0.902 |
3rd quartile | 1.20 (0.88–1.64) | 0.246 |
4th quartile | 1.13 (0.80–1.59) | 0.502 |
Cough prevalence c | ||
1st quartile | REF | — |
2nd quartile | 0.88 (0.65–1.18) | 0.38 |
3rd quartile | 0.97 (0.72–1.31) | 0.865 |
4th quartile | 1.09 (0.78–1.51) | 0.616 |
C.I.: confidence interval. Odds ratios are adjusted for other covariates. 1st quartile are clusters with the lowest proportion of the indicated variable, 4th quartile with the highest proportion of the indicated variable. All children born to female respondents in or since 2003 were included (n = 8290).
Proportion of adults in each cluster who were parasitemic with P. falciparum by real-time PCR testing.
Proportion children under 5 in each cluster who had ever received any vaccination for any disease (as reported by the child's mother).
Proportion of children under 5 in each cluster who had diarrhea, fever, or cough in the preceding two weeks, (as reported by the child's mother).