. 2011 Jan 31;6(1):e16420. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016420

Table 3. Results of a multilevel model of cluster-level indicators on under-5 deaths.

	Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% C.I.)	p-value
*P. falciparum* prevalence ^a
0.-9.9%	REF	—
10-24.9%	1.11 (0.82–1.49)	0.501
25-49.9%	1.38 (1.05–1.82)	0.021
> = 50%	1.47 (1.1–1.98)	0.01
Prevalence of vaccination receipt ^b
1^st quartile	REF	—
2^nd quartile	0.76 (0.59–0.99)	0.04
3^rd quartile	0.86 (0.67–1.1)	0.235
4^th quartile	0.47 (0.36–0.63)	<0.001
Diarrhea prevalence ^c
1^st quartile	REF	—
2^nd quartile	1.03 (0.78–1.36)	0.836
3^rd quartile	1.16 (0.88–1.54)	0.287
4^th quartile	1.02 (0.76–1.37)	0.894
Fever prevalence ^c
1^st quartile	REF	—
2^nd quartile	1.02 (0.77–1.35)	0.902
3^rd quartile	1.20 (0.88–1.64)	0.246
4^th quartile	1.13 (0.80–1.59)	0.502
Cough prevalence ^c
1^st quartile	REF	—
2^nd quartile	0.88 (0.65–1.18)	0.38
3^rd quartile	0.97 (0.72–1.31)	0.865
4^th quartile	1.09 (0.78–1.51)	0.616

C.I.: confidence interval. Odds ratios are adjusted for other covariates. 1^st quartile are clusters with the lowest proportion of the indicated variable, 4^th quartile with the highest proportion of the indicated variable. All children born to female respondents in or since 2003 were included (n = 8290).

Proportion of adults in each cluster who were parasitemic with P. falciparum by real-time PCR testing.

Proportion children under 5 in each cluster who had ever received any vaccination for any disease (as reported by the child's mother).

Proportion of children under 5 in each cluster who had diarrhea, fever, or cough in the preceding two weeks, (as reported by the child's mother).