Figure 10. 4-Deoxypyridoxine stimulates translocation of Rac1 and IQGAP1 to the cell periphery.

HPAECs (∼90% confluence) grown on coverslips were starved for 3 h in 0.1% FBS in EBM-2 without growth factors then treated with 4-DP (1 mM) for 6 h, with or without final treatment with S1P (1 µM) for 5 min. Cells were washed, fixed, permeabilized, probed with anti-Rac1 antibody and anti-IQGAP1 antibody, and examined by immunofluorescence microscopy using a ×60 oil objective. Shown is a representative micrograph from three independent experiments.