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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2010 Sep 25;140(2):608–617.e6. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.09.039

Figure 1. Overflow of ATP and ß-NAD in human colonic muscle.

Figure 1

(A) Chromatograms of tissue superfusates collected during EFS (4 and 16 Hz) and with neural blockers at 16 Hz. EFS-evoked overflow of ß-NAD, but not ATP, increased with stimulation frequency and decreased with TTX (0.5μmol/L) or ω-conotoxin GVIA (50nmol/L); LU, luminescence units. Note that each chromatogram shows data from a different experimental tissue. (B and C) Averaged data are means±SEM; (o) denote significant differences from 4 Hz controls (P<.05); (*) denote significant differences from 16 Hz controls (*P<.05, **P<.01). Experiment number shown in parentheses. (D and E) HPLC fraction analysis demonstrated that ß-NAD is the primary purine nucleotide in ß-NAD+ADPR+cADPR peak. (E) Fraction analysis showed that the amount of ß-NAD exceeded ATP; (*) denote significant differences from ATP (**P<.01).