Table 2.
Levels of cytokines in baboons either treated with femoral artery ligation or G‐CSF injection
| Cytokines | Day 8 | Day 1 | Day 3 | Day 5 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Artery ligation (n= 5) | G‐CSF (n= 5) | Artery ligation (n= 5) | G‐CSF (n= 5) | Artery ligation (n= 5) | G‐CSF (n= 5) | Artery ligation (n= 5) | G‐CSF (n= 5) | |
| IL‐1 B | 3.9 ± 1.5 | 3.2 ± 0 | NA | 3.2 ± 0 | 4.3 ± 2.5 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.6 ± 1.0 | 3.2 ± 1.0 |
| IL‐2 | 5.5 ± 4.6 | 3.2 ± 0 | NA | 3.2 ± 0 | 7.1 ± 8.7 | 3.2 ± 0 | 5.5 ± 5.2 | 3.2 ± 5.2 |
| IL‐1ra | 405.3 ± 373.0 | 248.8 ± 117.7 | NA | 1,694.1 ± 1,161.5α | 279.5 ± 162.6 | 1,144.6 ± 818.3*α | 261.0 ± 225.9 | 150.4 ± 231.0 |
| IL‐4 | 3.2 ± 3.2 | 3.2 ± 3.2 | NA | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 3.2 | 3.2 ± 3.2 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 |
| IL‐5 | 3.2 ± 3.2 | 3.2 ± 3.2 | NA | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 3.2 | 3.2 ± 3.2 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 |
| EGF | 21.6 ± 23.3 | 28.7 ± 13.6 | NA | 14.4 ± 7.4 | 22.1 ± 21.7 | 17.9 ± 9.3 | 10.4 ± 14.7 | 11.3 ± 14.3 |
| IL‐6 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | NA | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 |
| IL‐7 | 3.2 ± 3.2 | 3.2 ± 3.2 | NA | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 3.2 | 3.2 ± 3.2 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 |
| TGF‐α | 9.8 ± 6.2 | 13.0 ± 6.1 | NA | 10.6 ± 2.9 | 7.9 ± 4.6 | 13.0 ± 4.6 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 7.9 ± 1.0 |
| Fractalkin | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | NA | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 |
| IL‐8 | 883.0 ± 330.4 | 1351.6 ± 528.1 | NA | 531.2 ± 130.2α | 544.6 ± 412.7 | 803.0 ± 188.7 | 276.9 ± 254.0β, | 212.0 ± 255.4α |
| IL‐10 | 31.4 ± 60.2 | 7.0 ± 5.1 | NA | 3.2 ± 0 | 26.5 ± 52.1 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 |
| IL‐12p70 | 5.4 ± 2.2 | 7.1 ± 4.7 | NA | 3.2 ± 0 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 |
| IL‐13 | 9.3 ± 6.4 | 13.9 ± 9.7 | NA | 3.3 ± 0.2 | 6.7 ± 2.8 | 5.1 ± 2.4 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 3.2 ± 0.5 |
| IL‐15 | 5.8 ± 5.0 | 8.3 ± 2.3 | NA | 4.4 ± 1.7 | 6.2 ± 4.0 | 4.7 ± 2.0 | 4.4 ± 2.6 | 3.8 ± 0.1 |
| IL‐17 | 6.0 ± 4.9 | 5.4 ± 2.4 | NA | 3.9 ± 1.5 | 3.9 ± 0.8 | 3.8 ± 1.3 | 3.4 ± 0.3 | 3.3 ± 0.3 |
| IL‐1 α | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | NA | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 |
| INF‐γ | 4.0 ± 1.7 | 3.2 ± 0 | NA | 3.2 ± 0 | 4.1 ± 1.9 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 |
| G‐CSF | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | NA | >10,000 ± 0 † | 8.4 ± 11.6 | 463.4 ± 181.7 † | 3.2 ± 0 | 9.1 ± 13.2 † |
| GM‐CSF | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | NA | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0.4 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 |
| TNF‐α | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | NA | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 |
| Entaxin | 46.6 ± 86.7 | 22.6 ± 23.4 | NA | 6.0 ± 6.2 | 41.8 ± 71.0 | 5.3 ± 4.8 | 24.4 ± 39.5 | 3.3 ± 6.8 |
| MCP‐1 | 123.6 ± 30.1 | 177.7 ± 58.5 | NA | 97.1 ± 15.5α | 125.8 ± 38.6 | 158.9 ± 37.8 | 104.7 ± 31.4 | 124.2 ± 26.9 |
| CD40L | 2181.7 ± 1300.8 | 2752 ± 1495.6 | NA | 1160.6 ± 859.8α | 1070.1 ± 660.5 | 1633.7 ± 1324.1 | 1218.9 ± 538.8 | 1027.3 ± 643.9α |
| IL‐12p40 | 3.2 ± 0 | 14.5 ± 25.3 | NA | 6.7 ± 7.8 | 5.2 ± 4.4 | 9.1 ± 13.1 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 |
| MIP‐1α | 3.8 ± 1.3 | 8.6 ± 11.6 | NA | 5.1 ± 2.7 | 3.3 ± 0.2 | 7.9 ± 9.8 | 3.2 ± 0 | 6.4 ± 0 |
| MIP‐1β | 5.4 ± 4.9 | 3.2 ± 0 | NA | 3.2 ± 0 | 9.7 ± 14.5 | 3.2 ± 0 | 5.1 ± 4.2 | 3.2 ± 4.2 |
| IP‐10 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | NA | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 |
| VEGF | 8.6 ± 5.7 | 9.8 ± 6.9 | NA | 3.2 ± 0 | 8.0 ± 5.9 | 5.0 ± 3.5 | 3.2 ± 0 | 3.2 ± 0 |
α P < 0.05 between basal levels and day(s) after G‐CSF administration.
β P < 0.05 between basal levels and day(s) after artery ligation.
*P < 0.05 between artery ligation and G‐CSF at day 3.
† G‐CSF treatment was given in these subjects by subcutaneous injection.