Indicated cells, infected with Ad-PTEN or Ad-GFP (as control), were exposed with Cd (0–20 μM) for 24 h (A–D), followed by Western blotting using indicated antibodies (A, D), cell viability evaluation using one solution assay (B), or ROS assay (C). For (A) and (D), β-tubulin served as a loading control. Similar results were observed in at least three independent experiments. For (B) and (C), results are presented as mean ± S.E. n=6. aP<0.05, bP<0.01, difference vs. control group.