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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Free Radic Biol Med. 2010 Dec 30;50(5):624–632. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.12.032

Fig. 6. Activation of AMPK partially blocks Cd-induced ROS and activation of mTOR pathway, as well as cell death.

Fig. 6

Indicated cells, pretreated with/without AICAR (2 mM) for 1 h, were exposed to Cd (0–20 μM) for 4 h (A) or 24 h (B–E), followed by Western blotting using indicated antibodies (A, D), morphological analysis (B), cell viability evaluation using one solution assay (C), or ROS assay (E). For (A), (B), and (D), similar results were observed in at least three independent experiments. For (C) and (E), results are presented as mean ± S.E. n=6. aP<0.05, bP<0.01, difference vs. control group; cP<0.01, difference vs. 10 μM Cd group; dP<0.01, difference vs. 20 μM Cd group.