Figure 1.

Branchial arch NCCs express PAR-4 and undergo apoptosis when exposed to ceramide or ethanol. (a) Branchial arch explant culture generates emigrating NCCs. (b) Immunocytochemistry for Sox-10 (blue) and PAR-4 (red) shows that emigrating NCCs are sensitive toward C16 ceramide (2 μM overnight) and ethanol (0.5% overnight) as determined by TUNEL assay (green). The overlay (TUNEL and PAR-4) shows that PAR-4-expressing cells undergo C16 ceramide or ethanol-induced apoptosis. This experiment was performed five times with at least 20 images for each count (for quantitation, see Table 1). Bar=50 μm