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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Feb 2.
Published in final edited form as: Psychiatr Serv. 2009 Mar;60(3):313–321. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.60.3.313

Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of pregnant women on low incomes scoring >12 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)a

Enhanced brief interpersonal
psychotherapy (N=25)
Enhanced usual
care (N=28)


Characteristic N % N % p
Education .162
  Less than high school 2 8 5 18
  High school degree 6 24 4 14
  GED 4 16 3 11
  Vocational degree or some college 9 36 15 54
  College or graduate degree 4 16 1 4
Employment .729
  Full-time 5 20 3 11
  Part-time 6 24 5 18
  Unemployed 14 56 20 71
Income .332
  <$10,000 12 48 19 68
  $10,000–$20,000 8 32 6 21
  >$20,000 5 20 3 11
Race-ethnicity .276
  White 5 20 10 36
  African American 17 68 16 57
  Latina 2 8 0
  Biracial 1 4 2 7
Marital status .300
  Never married 14 56 12 43
  Married 2 8 2 7
  Cohabiting 9 36 8 29
  Divorced, separated, or widowed 0 6 21
Depression diagnosis
  Major depression 23 92 22 79 .173
  Dysthymia 3 12 4 14 .806
  Comorbid major depression and dysthymia 3 12 4 14 .806
  Minor depression 1 4 2 7 .621
Anxiety diagnosis
  Panic disorder 5 20 7 25 .664
  Posttraumatic stress disorder 7 28 5 18 .378
  Social phobia 6 24 3 11 .198
  At least 1 anxiety disorder 14 56 13 46 .487
Baseline functioning (M±SD score)
  EPDSa 18.9±3.4 18.2±3.8 .613
  BDIb 24.3±10.2 25.9±11.1 .286
  BAIc 14.4±11.0 16.3±10.5 .526
  Social and leisured 3.1±.8 3.2 ±.6 .565
  Median number of previous depressive episodese 2.5 2.5
Age (M±SD) 24.3±5.3 24.7±5.6 .791
Weeks pregnant (M±SD) 22.6±6.7 20.4±6.8 .253
Number of adults at home (M±SD) 2.0±.7 2.1±1.0 .653
Number of children at home (M±SD) 1.4±1.7 1.4±1.3 .912
a

A score of >12 indicates the presence of depression. Possible scores range from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating more symptoms.

b

Beck Depression Inventory. Possible scores range from 0 to 63, with higher scores indicating more symptoms.

c

Beck Anxiety Inventory. Possible scores range from 0 to 63, with higher scores indicating more symptoms.

d

Social and leisure domain on the Social Adjustment Scale. Possible scores range from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.

e

Range for enhanced brief interpersonal therapy, 0 to 15; range for enhanced usual care, 0 to 25