Table 1.
Univariate Relationships of Participant Characteristics with Blood Pressure (N = 21,894)
| Characteristics | Distribution | Missing | SBP (mmHg) | DBP (mmHg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N | Parameter estimate (95% CI) | Parameter estimate (95% CI) | |
| Outcome Variables | ||||
| SBP, mmHg (mean, SD) | 128.2 (16.7) | 0 | n/a | n/a |
| DBP, mmHg (mean, SD) | 76.8 (9.6) | 0 | n/a | n/a |
| Meteorological and Seasonal Variables | ||||
| Same day maximum temp, lower by 20°F (mean, SD) | 70.6 (16.8) | 0 | 1.5 (1.2, 2.0) | 0.7 (0.5, 0.9) |
| Same day minimum temp, lower by 20°F (mean, SD) | 55.3 (16.8) | 0 | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.6) |
| Maximum temp variability, by SD increase (mean, SD) | 2.8 (1.4) | 0 | 0.5 (0.3, 0.6) | 0.1 (0.0, 0.2) |
| Minimum temp variability, by SD increase (mean, SD) | 3.0 (1.4) | 0 | 0.6 (0.4, 0.7) | 0.1 (0.0, 0.2) |
| Season | ||||
| Summer | 6184 (28%) | Reference | Reference | |
| Fall | 6041 (28%) | 0 | 1.4 (0.8, 2.0) | 0.7 (0.3, 1.0) |
| Winter | 4853 (22%) | 2.3 (1.7, 2.9) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.5) | |
| Spring | 4816 (22%) | 2.0 (1.3, 2.6) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.3) | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, by 10 years (mean, SD) | 65.7 (9.3) | 0 | 2.9 (2.6, 3.1) | -1.3 (-1.1, -1.4) |
| Male | 9905 (45%) | 3 | 2.2 (1.7, 2.6) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) |
| Black Race | 9527 (44%) | 1 | 5.4 (4.9, 5.8) | 3.2 (3.0, 3.5) |
| Region | ||||
| Stroke Buckle | 3768 (17%) | Reference | Reference | |
| Stroke Belt | 7773 (36%) | 0 | 0.8 (0.1, 1.4) | -0.1 (-0.5, 0.3) |
| Non-Belt | 10325 (47%) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.1) | 0.5 (0.2, 0.9) | |
| Population Density | ||||
| Urban | 17678 (81%) | 1.7 (1.0, 2.5) | 0.5 (0.1, 1.0) | |
| Mixed | 2179 (10%) | 0 | 0.5 (-0.5, 1.5) | 0.2 (-0.4, 0.7) |
| Rural | 2037 (9%) | Reference | Reference | |
| SES Factors | ||||
| Education, 8th grade or less | 2849 (13%) | 23 | 5.5 (4.9, 6.2) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.2) |
| Income | ||||
| < $20 k | 4122 (19%) | 8.0 (7.2, 8.7) | 1.2 (0.7, 1.6) | |
| $20 k-$35 k | 5367 (25%) | 2652 | 4.4 (3.7, 5.0) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.1) |
| $35 k-$75 k | 6487 (30%) | 1.7 (1.0, 2.3) | 0.4 (0.0, 0.8) | |
| >= $75 k | 3266 (15%) | Reference | Reference | |
| refused | 2652 (12%) | 2.7 (1.9, 3.5) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.6) | |
| Community poverty %, by 10% increase (mean, SD) | 17.8 (12.5) | 0 | 1.6 (1.4, 1.7) | 0.8 (0.6, 0.8) |
| Health Behaviors | ||||
| Smoking Status | ||||
| Never | 9670 (44%) | Reference | Reference | |
| Current | 3212 (15%) | 88 | 1.2 (0.5, 1.8) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.0) |
| Past | 8924 (41%) | 1.1 (0.6, 1.6) | -0.2 (-0.5, 0.1) | |
| Alcohol use (never) | 6486 (30%) | 0 | 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) | -0.3 (-0.6, 0.0) |
| Co-morbidities | ||||
| BMI | 279 | |||
| Underweight/Normal | 5402 (25%) | Reference | Reference | |
| Overweight | 7972 (37%) | 3.4 (2.8, 3.9) | 2.3 (2.0, 2.6) | |
| Obese | 8241 (38%) | 6.9 (6.3, 7.4) | 4.8 (4.5, 5.1) | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 19254 (88%) | 16 | 0.1 (-0.6, 0.8) | 1.5 (1.1, 1.9) |
| Diabetes | 4672 (22%) | 747 | 5.4 (4.8, 5.9) | 0.1 (-0.2, 0.5) |
SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; SD = standard deviation; high temp = high temperatures; low temp = low temperatures; F = Fahrenheit
Parameter estimates in bold indicate values that are significant at α = 0.05.