Table 1.
Annual resource use of the base case, resource unit costs and total costs of drug-related problems associated with the outcomes of drug therapy according to probabilities of the model and population numbers
| U.S. Data from Ernst et al. 2001 model [16] | German Data (Base Case) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomes | Overall probability of therapeutic outcome* | Factor in relation to hospitalisation | Expected population developing an ADE and classification of resource utilization** (as % of population ingesting medications) | Unit cost (in 2007 €) | Total costs (million €) |
| No treatment | 0.0207 | 1.912 | 260,873 (0.5) | ||
| Physician visit | 0.0436 | 4.021 | 548,620 (1.1) | 231 | 12.4 |
| Additional treatment | 0.0753 | 6.944 | 947,451 (1.9) | 422+231 (653) | 61.8 |
| Emergency department | 0.0166 | 1.531 | 208,887 (0.4) | 4374 | 91.3 |
| Hospital admissions | 0.0108 | 1.000 | 136,447 (0.3) | 34525 | 471.0 |
| Long-term care | 0.0028 | 0.254 | 34,615 (0.07) | 48906 | 169.3 |
| Death | 0.0002 | 0.022 | 2,958 (0.006) | 34527 | 10.2 |
| Total costs | 816.0 | ||||
*sum of probabilities associated with therapeutic outcomes in Figure 1 **calculated using the factor in relation to hospitalisation and the number of hospitalised persons; 1average cost of published physician visits [20] inflated to year 2007; 2average cost of a prescribed medication in 2007 [19]3Total cost of additional treatment comprises physician visit and prescription of a new medication 4average cost per hospital day [18]; 5average cost per hospital admission for an ADE in 2007 (calculated by authors); 6average cost of 6 months of long-term facility care in 2007 (total service expenditures [23] divided by total beneficiaries [24]; 7costs of death assume hospitalisation prior to death