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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Dec 9.
Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2010 Dec 9;68(5):815–834. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.022

Figure 8. Hypothesized sources of motivational value, salience, and alerting signals.

Figure 8

In our hypothesis, motivational salience signals are sent to DA neurons through the central amygdala (CeA). Motivational value and alerting signals may be sent to DA neurons through a pathway including the globus pallidus border (GPb), lateral habenula (LHb), and rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg). Value signals related to aversive outcomes may also be sent by the parabrachial nucleus (PBN), while alerting signals may also be sent by the superior colliculus (SC) and pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg).