Table 4.

Proposed guidelines for diagnosing CAEBV^* (from Okano ⁵²).

Persistent or recurrent IM-like symptom Unusual pattern of anti-EBV antibodies with raised anti-VCA and anti-EA, and/or detection of increased EBV genomes in affected tissues, including the peripheral blood Chronic illness which cannot be explained by other known disease processes at diagnosis †

Abbreviations: CAEBV: chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection; IM: infectious mononucleosis; VCA: viral capsid antigen; EA: early antigen; LPD: lymphoproliferative disorder.

^*A case of CAEBV must fulfill each category.

^†An EBV- associated disease such as hemophagocitic lymphohistiocytosis or LPD/lymphoma mainly derived from T-cell or NK-cell lineage often develops during the course of illness; some patients also suffer from cutaneous lesions, such as hypersensitivity to mosquito bites.