Table 3.
Hazard ratio (HR) for a cryptorchidism diagnosis with or without orchipexy among 45,341 Danish boys, according to parental occupational exposure to ECDs before and during pregnancy.
| EDCs occupational exposures |
Study Population (N = 45341) (%) |
No orchiopexy (n = 426) |
Orchiopexy (n = 576) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (CIP) |
HRc | HRa* (95% CI) |
N (CIP) |
HRc | HRa* (95% CI) |
|||
|
Maternal exposure |
Unlikely | 42474 (93.7) |
378 (0.9) |
1.0 | 1.0 | 498 (1.2) |
1.0 | 1.0 |
| Possible | 277 (0.6) |
- | 1.2 | 1.8 (0.5-3.1) |
7 (2.5) |
2.1 | 2.8 (0.7-4.9) |
|
| Probable | 2590 (5.7%) |
16 (6.2) |
0.9 | 0.9 (0.3-1.5) |
30 (1.2) |
1.0 | 0.7 (0.21.2) |
|
|
Paternal exposure |
Unlikely | 38726 (85.4) |
351 (0.9) |
1.0 | 1.0 | 448 (1.2) |
1.0 | 1.0 |
| Possible | 410 (0.9) |
3 (0.7) |
0.8 | 0.5 (0.1-2.5) |
4 (1.0) |
0.8 | 0.6 (0.1-1.1) |
|
| Probable | 6205 (13.7) |
40 (0.7) |
1.0 | 1.2 (0.8-1.6) |
83 (1.2) |
1.1 | 1.3 (0.8-1.8) |
|
CI = Confidence Interval.
CIP = Cumulative Incidence Proportion per 100 boys.
*HRa.- Hazard Ratio Adjusted by age of the mother and the father; mothers' pre-pregnancy body mass index (kg/m2); earlier spontaneous abortion; parity; birth weight of boys; gestational age; oral contraceptives used; treatment of infertility; time taken to conceive; mother's alcohol consumption during pregnancy; binge drinking; maternal smoking during pregnancy; paternal smoking; gynecological disease; maternal vegetarian diet.