Down-regulation of KIR3DL1 significantly improves the regulatory function of 2D2 Tregs in suppressing proliferation of Tpaths. (A) Suppression of BDC cell proliferation by Tregs in a mixed cell inhibition assay (Materials and Methods). BDC cells were cultured either alone or with various Tregs, including 2D2, 2D2-Scrm, 2D2-shKIR (harboring shRNA against KIR3DL1), and 2D2-shKIR3DL2 (harboring shRNA against KIR3DL2) cells. At least four measurements were made, and the SD is shown. (B) Regulatory function of 2D2-shKIR is partially dependent on IL-10 production. Inhibition assays were performed in which the cells were cultured either alone or with the presence of a saturating amount (24 μg/mL) of either anti–IL-4 or anti–IL-10 antibodies. At least five measurements were made, and the SD is shown. **P < 0.01.