. 2011 Feb 3;6(2):e16618. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016618

Table 11. Confounded Age Contrasts Favoring Older Adults: Vigilance with Non-focal Cues.

1^st Author & Year	Exp.	Condition	n_y	n_o	M_y	M_o	Notes
Bastin '02 [89]	1	12-event/recall absent	24	24	1.00	0.99	otc
Bastin '02 [89]	1	12-event/recall present^*	24	24	0.95	0.93	otc
Bastin '02 [89]	1	6-event/recall absent	24	24	0.99	1.00	otc
Bastin '02 [89]	1	6-event/recall present^*	24	24	0.84	0.79	otc
Einstein '00 [11]	1	delay exe/standard	20	20	0.82	0.77	otc
Einstein '00 [11]	1	delay exe/divided^*	20	20	0.72	0.48	otc
Einstein '00 [11]	2	10s/unfilled^*	24	24	0.88	0.42	otc
Einstein '00 [11]	2	10s/filled	24	24	0.75	0.42	otc
Einstein '00 [11]	2	30s/unfilled	24	24	0.88	0.44	otc
Einstein '00 [11]	2	30s/filled	24	24	0.79	0.55	otc
Knight'08 [90]	1	low distraction^*	32	32	0.78	0.66	ic
Knight'08 [90]	1	high distraction	32	32	0.53	0.27	ic
Marsh'07 [91]	1	nonrepeated/first half^*	35	35	0.59	0.55	ic
Marsh'07 [91]	1	nonrepeated/second half	35	35	0.66	0.69	ic
Marsh'07 [91]	2	nonrepeated/first half^*	35	35	0.62	0.57	ic
Marsh'07 [91]	2	nonrepeated/second half	35	35	0.64	0.53	ic
West '01b [71]	2	seman^*	12	12	0.70	0.41	ic
West '01b [71]	2	percept^*	12	12	0.92	0.70	ic
West '99a [83]	1	w/classification^*	24	24	0.96	0.79	ic

Note. Means limited by severe ceiling effects are printed in bold; ic = intelligence confound favoring older adults; otc = ongoing task confound favoring older adults;

*identifies independent age contrasts (see Methods).