Table 5.

 Summary odds ratios of diabetes studies including sensitivity analyses

	No of studies	OR (95% CI)	P value	χ2/df*
Diabetes (all studies)	25	9.8 (5.5 to 17.4)	<0.001	3.21
Method of virus detection:
RNA	21	8.8 (4.7 to 16.7)	<0.001	3.37
vp1	4	15.4 (7.5 to 31.5)	<0.001	0.35
Case definition:
Newly diagnosed	12	12.7 (6.4 to 25.2)	<0.001	2.44
Established (including recent onset)	11	10.8 (4.0 to 29.4)	<0.001	2.62
Eventual	2	1.3 (0.2 to 6.9)	0.79	1.60
Study location:
Europe only	19	8.6 (4.3 to 17.3)	<0.001	3.75
Non-European countries	6	13.5 (7.1 to 25.8)	<0.001	0.34
Study quality:
NOS score ≥5	18	9.0 (4.6 to 17.5)	<0.001	3.77

NOS=Newcastle-Ottawa.

*Cochrane χ² divided by degrees of freedom. Values >1 indicate heterogeneity.