Table 2.

 Summary of substudies comprising evaluation of phase one of Safer Patients Initiative (SPI1)

Substudy and topic	Data source	Location	Unit of analysis (quantitative studies)
Interviews with senior staff
Impact of SPI at senior management level	Semistructured interviews with senior hospital staff	SPI1 hospitals	NA
Staff survey
Staff morale, culture, and opinion	Questionnaire as used in NHS National Staff Survey	Control and SPI1 hospitals	Staff member
Qualitative study
Impact of SPI on practitioners at ward level	Ethnographic observations, interviews, and focus groups in acute medical wards	SPI1 hospitals	NA
Quality of care: acute medical care
Quality of care of patients aged >65 with acute respiratory disease	Case note reviews (both explicit and holistic)	Control and SPI1 hospitals	Patient
Outcomes
Adverse events in patients aged >65 with acute respiratory disease	Holistic case note review	Control and SPI1 hospitals	Patient
Hospital mortality in patients aged >65 with acute respiratory disease	Case note review	Control and SPI1 hospitals	Patient
Patient satisfaction	Questionnaire as used in NHS patient surveys	Control and SPI1 hospitals	Hospital

NA=not applicable.