. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Feb 4.

Published in final edited form as: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Mar 25;18(11):2191–2198. doi: 10.1038/oby.2010.59

Table 2.

Multivariable-adjusted β-coefficients for the increment in insulin measures per standard deviation increase in adipose tissue

	Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue			Visceral adipose tissue			P value comparing SAT vs. VAT
Outcome variable	β (s.e.)	P value	Partial r² for SAT^b	β (s.e.)	P value	Partial r² for VAT^b	P value comparing SAT vs. VAT
Log insulin
Multivariable^a	0.16 (0.01)	<0.0001	0.168	0.20 (0.01)	<0.0001	0.249	<0.0001
Multivariable^a + BMI	—	—	—	0.13 (0.01)	<0.0001	0.064	—
Multivariable^a + WC	—	—	—	0.13 (0.01)	<0.0001	0.058	—
Log proinsulin
Multivariable^a	0.19 (0.01)	<0.0001	0.157	0.25 (0.01)	<0.0001	0.238	<0.0001
Multivariable^a + BMI	—	—	—	0.15 (0.01)	<0.0001	0.055	—
Multivariable^a + WC	—	—	—	0.16 (0.01)	<0.0001	0.056	—
Log proinsulin/insulin ratio
Multivariable^a	0.02 (0.002)	<0.0001	0.062	0.03 (0.002)	<0.0001	0.096	<0.0001
Multivariable^a + BMI	—	—	—	0.02 (0.002)	<0.0001	0.018	—
Multivariable^a + WC	—	—	—	0.02 (0.002)	<0.001	0.020	—
Log HOMA_IR
Multivariable^a	0.18 (0.01)	<0.0001	0.186	0.23 (0.01)	<0.0001	0.277	<0.0001
Multivariable^a + BMI	—	—	—	0.13 (0.01)	<0.0001	0.064	—
Multivariable^a + WC	—	—	—	0.12 (0.01)	<0.001	0.058	—

SAT and VAT are standardized (sex-specific) to a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one.

HOMA_IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; SAT, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; WC, waist circumference.

Adjusted for age, sex, current smoking, regular alcohol consumption, menopausal status, and hormone replacement therapy use.

Adjusted model r² for model containing only covariates is 0.03 (log insulin), 0.06 (log proinsulin), 0.06 (log proinsulin/insulin ratio), and 0.04 (log HOMA_IR).