Table 1.
Characteristics of eligible participants from Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) age-related macular degeneration trial*
| Characteristics | n = 2924 |
|---|---|
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 69.3 (4.8) |
| Race | |
| White | 2829 (96.8) |
| Others | 95 (3.3) |
| Gender | |
| Female | 1698 (58.1) |
| Education | |
| College or higher | 1855 (63.4) |
| Ever smoked | 1626 (55.6) |
| Hypertension | 1134 (38.8) |
| Centrum use during trial period | 1973 (67.5) |
| Type of AREDS intervention received | |
| Placebo | 735 (25.1) |
| Antioxidants alone | 730 (25.0) |
| Zinc alone | 748 (25.6) |
| Antioxidants plus zinc | 711 (24.3) |
| Dietary intake (mean (SD), servings/week) | |
| Fruits and juices† | 16.1 (10.6) |
| Vegetables‡ | 15.5 (9.3) |
| Fish§ | 1.7 (1.5) |
| Meat¶ | 5.4 (3.2) |
| Dairy products** | 11.1 (6.7) |
| Energy intake (mean (SD), kcal/day) | 1486.3 (562.5) |
Data are given in no (%) otherwise indicated.
“Fruits and juices” included apples, apple sauce, pears, bananas, peaches, apricots, cantaloupe, watermelon, strawberries, oranges, tangerines, grapefruits, orange juice or grapefruit juice, fruit drinks with added vitamin C, and any other fruit, including berries, fruit cocktail and grapes.
“Vegetables” included string beans, green beans, peas, chilli with beans, other beans such as bakes beans, pintos, kidney, limas and lentils, corn, winter squash/baked squash, tomatoes, tomato juice, red chilli sauce, taco sauce, salsa picante, broccoli, cauliflower or brussels sprouts, spinach (raw or cooked), greens (cooked), mustard, turnip, collards, cole slaw, cabbage, sauerkraut, carrots, or mixed vegetables containing carrots, green salad, and any other vegetable, including cooked onions and summer squash.
“Fish” included fried fish or fish sandwich, tuna, tuna salad, tuna casserole and other fish (broiled or baked).
“Meat” included hamburgers, cheeseburgers, meatloaf, beef burritos, tacos, beef (steak, roasts, etc, including sandwiches), beef stew or pot pie with carrots or other vegetables, pork or lamb, including chops, roasts, fried chicken, chicken or turkey (roasted, stew or broiled) including on sandwiches, hot dogs, and ham, baloney, salami and other lunch meats.
“Dairy products” included milk on cereal, cottage cheese, other cheeses and cheese spreads, yogurt or frozen yogurt, ice cream, milk or cream (real) in coffee or tea, whole milk or beverages with whole milk (not including on cereal), 2% milk and beverages with 2% milk (not including on cereal), and skim milk, 1% milk or buttermilk (not including on cereal).