Table 2.
Baseline clinical characteristics according to changes in microalbuminuria during 2 years of follow-up
| Clinical characteristics at baseline | Changes in microalbuminuria during 2-year follow-up |
P-value |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MA Regression (n=71) | MA Stable (n=188) | MA Progression (n=37) | Regression vs stable | Progression vs stable | Progression vs regression | |
| Age (years) | 40+12 | 42+11 | 38+14 | NS | 0.07 | NS |
| Gender (% male) | 37 (52) | 126 (67) | 17 (46) | 0.03 | 0.03 | NS |
| Duration (years) | 24+9 | 23+10 | 21+9 | NS | NS | NS |
| AER (μg/min) | 65 (46–108) | 66 (44–134) | 108 (49–150) | NS | 0.06 | 0.024 |
| CcGFR (ml/min per 1.73m2) | 101+24 | 98+27 | 96+32 | NS | NS | NS |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 124+13 | 125+14 | 123+13 | NS | NS | NS |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 74+8 | 73+8 | 73+7 | NS | NS | NS |
| HbA1c (g%) | 8.3+1.5 | 8.6+1.4 | 9.0+1.9 | NS | NS | 0.03 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 194+29 | 188+30 | 200+33 | NS | 0.03 | NS |
| ACEi Tx, n (%) | 70 | 62 | 43 | NS | 0.05 | 0.011 |
| Anti-Hyp Tx, n (%) | 30 | 20 | 22 | NS | NS | NS |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 14 | 21 | 14 | NS | NS | NS |
Abbreviations: AER, albumin excretion rate; BP, blood pressure; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; MA, microalbuminuria; NS, not significant.
MA regression, defined as 50% decrease in AER (averaged value from 2-year follow-up interval) in reference to 2-year interval preceding baseline measurements.
MA progression, defined as 100% increase in AER.
Continuous variables reported as mean±s.d. except for AER where median (IQR) was used.
AER, median albumin excretion rate of all AER determination carried out during the 2-year interval preceding the baseline examination.
CcGFR, estimated GFR based on serum cystatin C concentration according to Macisaac et al.39 formula.
HbA1c, mean value of multiple measurements of HbA1c carried out during the 2-year interval preceding the baseline examination.
AER was log10 transformed for the purpose of the statistical analysis.
P-value represents significance of analysis of variance for unbalanced design for all variables except for categorical covariates where χ2-test with continuity correction was applied.