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. 2011 Feb 4;6(2):e16695. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016695

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Bialleck et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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Top: Performance in the number comparison task. Left: In predictable blocks, RTs were significantly shorter in rewarded as compared to non-rewarded trials. Right: Similarly, accuracy was significantly lower in predictably not rewarded trials as compared to predictably rewarded trials. Bottom: Memory for items presented as cues and outcomes. Left: Memory was significantly better for cues which predicted a reward as compared to cues which were unpredictedly followed by a reward. Right: Items presented during processing of predictable outcomes were remembered better than those during unpredictable outcomes. Pred. = predictable, unpred. = unpredictable, rew. = reward, no rew. = no reward.